Interview Questions for Networking and Infrastructure

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both communication protocols used on the internet, but they differ significantly in how they handle data transmission. Think of it like sending a package: TCP is like sending a registered package requiring a signature, ensuring reliable delivery, while UDP is like sending a postcard – it’s faster but there’s no guarantee of arrival.

• TCP: Connection-oriented, reliable, ordered delivery, error-checking, and flow control. It establishes a connection between sender and receiver before transmitting data, ensuring that all packets arrive in the correct order and without errors. This makes it ideal for applications requiring reliable data transfer, such as web browsing (HTTP) and email (SMTP).
• UDP: Connectionless, unreliable, unordered delivery, no error-checking or flow control. It simply sends data packets without establishing a connection, making it faster but less reliable. This is suitable for applications where speed is prioritized over reliability, such as online gaming (where a slight delay is preferable to waiting for retransmission) and streaming video (where a lost packet here or there is less impactful than a significant delay).

Example: Imagine downloading a large file. TCP ensures every piece of the file arrives correctly and in order. If a packet is lost, TCP will automatically request retransmission. However, if you’re streaming a video, UDP’s faster transmission is more important; a few lost packets might result in a slight glitch, but the overall viewing experience is maintained.

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that divides network communication into seven distinct layers. Each layer performs a specific function, and they work together to ensure seamless data transmission. Imagine it as a layered cake, each layer contributing to the final delicious product.

• Layer 7: Application Layer: Provides network services to applications. Examples include HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
• Layer 6: Presentation Layer: Handles data formatting, encryption, and decryption. Ensures data is presented in a format understandable by the application layer.
• Layer 5: Session Layer: Establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions between applications. Think of it as setting up and tearing down a phone call.
• Layer 4: Transport Layer: Provides end-to-end data delivery services. This is where TCP and UDP operate.
• Layer 3: Network Layer: Responsible for logical addressing (IP addresses) and routing packets across networks.
• Layer 2: Data Link Layer: Handles physical addressing (MAC addresses) and error detection on a local network. This layer deals with the physical cables and switches.
• Layer 1: Physical Layer: Deals with the physical transmission of data over the network medium (cables, wireless signals).

Example: When you send an email, the application layer handles the email composition, the presentation layer ensures proper formatting, the session layer manages the connection to the mail server, the transport layer ensures reliable delivery, the network layer routes the email across the internet, the data link layer handles the physical transmission within local networks, and the physical layer transmits the signals over the cables.

Subnetting is the process of dividing a large network (IP address range) into smaller, more manageable subnetworks. It’s like dividing a large apartment building into smaller apartments for better organization and control. It improves network efficiency, security, and scalability.

The process involves borrowing bits from the host portion of an IP address to create additional network bits. This reduces the number of available host addresses within each subnet but allows for the creation of multiple subnets. This is done by using subnet masks.

Example: Let’s say you have a network with the IP address 192.168.1.0/24. This gives you 254 usable host addresses. By subnetting, you could create multiple subnets, such as 192.168.1.0/25, 192.168.1.128/25, etc., each with fewer usable addresses but allowing for better network segmentation and management.

Step-by-step process:

1. Determine the required number of subnets and hosts per subnet.
2. Calculate the number of bits needed for subnets and hosts.
3. Determine the subnet mask based on the calculated bits.
4. Assign IP addresses and subnet masks to each subnet.

Tools: Subnet calculators are readily available online to simplify this process.

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical grouping of devices on a network, regardless of their physical location. It’s like creating virtual rooms within a building, allowing you to segment your network logically. This improves network security and performance.

VLANs improve network security by isolating sensitive data and traffic. For instance, you could create a VLAN for your accounting department, another for your marketing department, and so on. Even if devices are physically connected to the same switch, they will only be able to communicate with other devices within the same VLAN. This limits the impact of a security breach on the rest of the network.

Example: You could create a VLAN for guest Wi-Fi, limiting guest access to only certain parts of your network. This helps protect sensitive internal data from unauthorized access.

Routing protocols are algorithms used by routers to exchange routing information and build routing tables. These tables guide the routers in forwarding data packets between networks. They’re essential for the internet’s operation.

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A link-state routing protocol that uses Dijkstra’s algorithm to determine the shortest path between networks. It’s used within autonomous systems (single networks or organizations).
• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A path-vector routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It’s the protocol that connects the different parts of the internet.

Difference: OSPF focuses on internal routing within a single network, while BGP handles routing between different networks across the internet. Think of OSPF as managing traffic within a city, while BGP handles traffic between different cities.

Example: When you visit a website, your request travels through numerous routers. BGP helps those routers determine the best path to your destination, while OSPF helps routers within your internet service provider’s network find the most efficient way to deliver the data to your computer.

Network topologies describe the physical or logical layout of a network. They influence performance, reliability, and scalability.

• Bus Topology: All devices connect to a single cable (the bus). Simple but a single point of failure.
• Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch. Common and easy to manage.
• Ring Topology: Devices connect in a closed loop. Data travels in one direction. Less common now.
• Mesh Topology: Devices connect to multiple other devices, providing redundancy and high reliability. Expensive and complex.
• Tree Topology: A hierarchical structure, often used in large networks. Combines aspects of bus and star topologies.

Example: A home network using a Wi-Fi router is typically a star topology, with all devices connecting to the central router. The internet itself uses a combination of topologies, predominantly mesh, to provide redundancy and global reach.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into machine-readable IP addresses (like 172.217.160.142). It’s like a phone book for the internet, allowing you to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of complex numbers.

The process involves a hierarchical system of DNS servers:

1. Recursive Resolver: Your computer’s DNS server initially receives the request.
2. Root Name Server: The resolver queries a root name server for the top-level domain (TLD) like .com.
3. TLD Name Server: The root server directs the request to a TLD name server (e.g., for .com).
4. Authoritative Name Server: The TLD server directs the request to the authoritative name server for the specific domain (google.com).
5. IP Address Response: The authoritative server responds with the IP address of google.com.

Example: When you type google.com in your browser, your computer’s DNS resolver initiates a series of queries to locate the IP address of Google’s servers, ultimately allowing you to access the website.

DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is like the network’s automated address assigner. Imagine a large apartment building; each apartment needs a unique address for mail delivery. DHCP acts as the building manager, automatically assigning each new device (tenant) a unique IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway, allowing them to connect to the network and communicate. It avoids the tedious manual configuration of IP addresses for every device, simplifying network administration significantly. Without DHCP, every device would need to be manually configured with a static IP, a process which is time-consuming and error-prone, especially in larger networks.

Importance:

• Automation: Automates IP address assignment, reducing manual effort.
• Scalability: Easily handles a large number of devices joining and leaving the network.
• Centralized Management: Allows for central management of IP address allocation.
• Efficiency: Reclaims IP addresses when devices are disconnected, preventing address exhaustion.

Example: When you connect your laptop to a Wi-Fi network, DHCP automatically assigns it an IP address, allowing you to access the internet and other network resources without manual configuration.

A firewall is like a security guard at the entrance of your network. It examines all incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks any traffic that doesn’t meet predefined security rules. These rules are configured to allow only authorized traffic, thus protecting your network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. Think of it as a highly sophisticated bouncer at a nightclub, letting in only those with the right credentials (or meeting specific criteria).

Role in Network Security:

• Packet Filtering: Examines each packet’s header for source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols, blocking suspicious packets.
• State Management: Tracks active connections to differentiate between legitimate traffic and unauthorized attempts.
• Network Address Translation (NAT): Hides internal network addresses from the internet, adding an extra layer of security.
• Intrusion Prevention: Can detect and block malicious activities like DDoS attacks or port scans.

Example: A firewall can be configured to block incoming connections on specific ports, such as port 23 (Telnet), which is often targeted by hackers. It can also prevent employees from accessing inappropriate websites or downloading malicious files.

Network attacks come in many forms. Think of them as different ways a burglar might try to break into your house. Some try the front door (DoS attacks), others sneak in through a window (Man-in-the-Middle attacks).

Types of Network Attacks and Prevention:

• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Overwhelms a network or server with traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users. Prevention: Implementing DDoS mitigation techniques, such as rate limiting and using content delivery networks (CDNs).
• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercepts communication between two parties, eavesdropping or altering data. Prevention: Using encryption protocols (like HTTPS) and employing strong authentication methods.
• SQL Injection: Exploits vulnerabilities in web applications to gain unauthorized access to databases. Prevention: Proper input validation, parameterized queries, and using a web application firewall (WAF).
• Phishing Attacks: Tricking users into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers. Prevention: User education, strong password policies, multi-factor authentication.
• Malware Attacks: Introducing malicious software into a network, causing damage or stealing data. Prevention: Up-to-date antivirus software, regular system patching, and network segmentation.

IP addressing is like the street address of a device on a network. It allows devices to locate and communicate with each other. Every device connected to a network (computer, smartphone, printer) needs a unique IP address. IP addresses were originally classified into classes (A, B, C, D, and E), which determined the number of hosts and networks that could be addressed within a class. However, this classful addressing system is largely obsolete, having been replaced by Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) which provides a more flexible and efficient way to allocate IP addresses.

Classes (Historically Significant):

• Class A: Large networks, few hosts per network.
• Class B: Medium-sized networks, more hosts per network.
• Class C: Small networks, many hosts per network.
• Class D: Used for multicast addressing.
• Class E: Reserved for experimental use.

Example: A typical IPv4 address is 192.168.1.100. The numbers represent the network and host portions of the address. Today, CIDR notation (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24) is predominantly used, specifying the network address and the number of bits used for the network portion.

Common network security threats are numerous and constantly evolving. They range from simple human errors to sophisticated, well-orchestrated attacks. Think of them as various ways a thief could target your home or business.

Common Threats:

• Malware: Viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware that can infect devices and steal data or disrupt operations.
• Phishing: Deceptive attempts to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details.
• Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks: Attempts to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks: Eavesdropping on or altering communications between two parties.
• SQL Injection: Attacking databases by injecting malicious SQL code into web application input.
• Zero-day exploits: Exploiting software vulnerabilities before patches are available.
• Insider threats: Malicious or negligent actions by employees or other insiders.

A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is like a secure tunnel through the internet. It creates an encrypted connection between your device and a VPN server, protecting your data from eavesdropping and interception. Imagine sending a confidential letter through a secure, sealed envelope; the VPN acts as that secure envelope.

Uses:

• Secure remote access: Accessing company networks from remote locations securely.
• Bypass geographic restrictions: Accessing content or services that are blocked in your region.
• Enhanced privacy: Protecting your online activity from your internet service provider (ISP) and other third parties.
• Secure public Wi-Fi: Protecting your data when using public Wi-Fi networks.

Example: A business traveler using a VPN to connect to their company’s network from a hotel. Their data is encrypted, making it difficult for hackers to intercept sensitive information.

Troubleshooting network connectivity issues can be like detective work. You need a systematic approach to identify the root cause. Here’s a common strategy:

1. Check the obvious: Verify cables are connected properly, devices are powered on, and Wi-Fi is enabled.
2. Test connectivity: Try pinging the default gateway (router) using the ping command (e.g., ping 192.168.1.1). A successful ping indicates connectivity to the router.
3. Check network settings: Verify IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway configurations on the device.
4. Examine network devices: Check router logs, status lights, and ensure the router is functioning correctly.
5. Check for firewalls and security software: Ensure that firewalls or antivirus software are not blocking necessary network traffic.
6. Check DNS settings: If you can’t access websites, check DNS server settings and try using a public DNS server like Google’s DNS (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4).
7. Use network monitoring tools: Tools like Wireshark can help capture network traffic and identify issues.
8. Contact your ISP: If all else fails, there may be an issue with your internet service provider’s network.

Example: If a user can’t access the internet, you might first check their cable connection, then ping their default gateway. If the ping fails, the problem is likely with the device’s configuration or the local network. If the ping succeeds, the problem could be with DNS resolution or a firewall setting.

My experience with network monitoring tools spans several years and encompasses a variety of solutions, from basic command-line utilities to sophisticated, centralized management systems. I’m proficient in using tools like Nagios, Zabbix, and PRTG for comprehensive network monitoring. These tools allow me to track key performance indicators (KPIs) such as bandwidth utilization, latency, packet loss, and CPU/memory usage on network devices. For example, using Nagios, I’ve successfully implemented automated alerts for critical events, such as server downtime or significant spikes in network traffic, enabling proactive issue resolution. In one instance, Nagios alerted us to a failing hard drive in a crucial server well before it completely crashed, preventing significant data loss and service disruption. I also have experience with SolarWinds, which provides a more holistic view of the entire IT infrastructure, and its ability to correlate events across different systems is invaluable for troubleshooting complex issues. Beyond these tools, I’m comfortable utilizing command-line tools like ping, traceroute, and tcpdump for detailed diagnostics.

The key difference between a switch and a router lies in their role in a network and how they handle data. Think of a switch as a highly efficient traffic manager within a local network (like your home or office LAN). It operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to forward data between devices on the same network segment. This means it only sends data to the specific device that needs it, unlike a hub which broadcasts to all connected devices. A router, on the other hand, acts as a gateway between different networks (like your home network and the internet). It operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer), using IP addresses to route data between different networks. This means it can intelligently direct traffic to its destination across multiple networks. A simple analogy: a switch is like a well-organized post office within a single city, delivering mail only within that city; a router is like a national postal service, sending mail between different cities and states.

In essence: Switches connect devices within a single network, while routers connect multiple networks together.

I possess extensive experience with major cloud computing platforms, including AWS (Amazon Web Services), Azure (Microsoft Azure), and GCP (Google Cloud Platform). My work has involved designing, implementing, and managing various cloud-based infrastructure components, including virtual machines (VMs), virtual networks, load balancers, and databases. On AWS, I’ve worked extensively with EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) for hosting applications and S3 (Simple Storage Service) for storing data. I’ve leveraged Azure’s virtual network capabilities to build secure and scalable cloud environments. With GCP, I’ve utilized Compute Engine for VMs and Cloud Storage for data storage. In one project, we migrated a legacy on-premise application to AWS, resulting in a 40% reduction in infrastructure costs and improved scalability. I’m also familiar with cloud security best practices, including IAM (Identity and Access Management) and network security groups (NSGs) for controlling access and securing cloud resources.

Load balancing distributes network traffic across multiple servers to prevent any single server from becoming overloaded. Imagine a popular website experiencing a sudden surge in visitors. Without load balancing, the primary server could crash under the strain. Load balancing ensures that traffic is distributed evenly across several servers, preventing this overload and maintaining consistent performance. This is achieved through various techniques:

• Round Robin: Traffic is distributed sequentially to each server.
• Least Connections: Traffic is directed to the server with the fewest active connections.
• Source IP Hashing: Traffic from the same source IP address is always directed to the same server.

Load balancers can be either hardware or software based. Hardware load balancers offer high performance and are suitable for large-scale deployments, while software load balancers are more flexible and cost-effective for smaller deployments. Cloud providers offer managed load balancing services as part of their platform, simplifying deployment and management.

My experience with network virtualization includes working with technologies like VMware vSphere, OpenStack, and virtualized network functions (VNFs). Network virtualization allows you to create virtual networks and virtual network devices (like virtual routers and switches) on top of physical hardware. This enables greater flexibility, scalability, and efficiency compared to traditional physical networks. For instance, I’ve used VMware NSX to create virtual networks and segment traffic within a data center, enhancing security and simplifying management. This eliminates the need for complex physical network configurations and allows for dynamic provisioning of network resources. Virtualization also allows for the creation of software-defined networks (SDNs), which can be centrally managed and controlled, offering increased agility and automation capabilities. I’ve also worked with VNFs to implement virtualized network services like firewalls and load balancers, enabling rapid deployment and scaling of these services based on demand.

Ensuring network security and compliance is paramount. My approach involves a multi-layered strategy encompassing several key aspects: Firstly, I implement robust access control mechanisms, including strong passwords, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and role-based access control (RBAC) to restrict access to sensitive network resources. Secondly, I deploy firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and virtual private networks (VPNs) to protect against unauthorized access and malicious attacks. Regular security audits and vulnerability scans are crucial to identify and mitigate potential threats. Patch management is diligently applied to keep systems up-to-date with the latest security fixes. Furthermore, I ensure compliance with relevant industry regulations, such as HIPAA, PCI DSS, or GDPR, depending on the specific requirements of the organization. This involves implementing appropriate security controls and documenting all security practices to maintain an auditable trail. Regular security awareness training for all personnel is equally important in preventing human error, a common vulnerability.

I’m proficient in using scripting languages like Python and Bash for automating network administration tasks. This significantly increases efficiency and reduces manual errors. For example, I’ve used Python to create scripts for automating the configuration of network devices, generating reports on network performance, and monitoring system logs. A Python script I developed automatically checks the status of critical network services and sends email alerts if any issues are detected, saving valuable time and resources. I’ve also utilized Bash scripting to automate routine tasks like backing up configuration files, creating users, and managing file transfers. For instance, a Bash script automates the daily backup of crucial network configurations to a remote server. This scripting approach allows me to manage network infrastructure more effectively and efficiently.

Configuration management tools are essential for automating the provisioning, configuration, and management of IT infrastructure. My experience spans several popular tools, including Ansible, Puppet, and Chef. Each offers a unique approach, but they all share the goal of ensuring consistency and repeatability across multiple systems.

• Ansible: I’ve extensively used Ansible for its agentless architecture and simple YAML-based configuration files. This makes it incredibly efficient for managing a large number of servers. For instance, I used Ansible to deploy and configure a new web application server cluster across 100+ servers, ensuring consistent configurations and minimizing human error. A typical Ansible playbook might use modules to install packages, configure services (like Apache or Nginx), and manage firewall rules. ansible-playbook deploy_webserver.yml

• Puppet: Puppet’s strength lies in its declarative approach, where you define the desired state of your system, and Puppet ensures it’s maintained. I used Puppet in a previous role to manage a complex network of database servers, enforcing security policies and ensuring consistent patch levels across all machines. Its robust reporting and auditing features were crucial for compliance.

• Chef: Chef, with its focus on infrastructure as code, is well-suited for large-scale deployments and complex environments. I’ve worked with Chef in projects requiring complex recipes and custom resource creation. Its powerful capabilities are ideal for managing applications with intricate dependencies.

My choice of tool depends on the specific project requirements and scale. For smaller projects or quick deployments, Ansible’s simplicity is advantageous. For larger, more complex infrastructures demanding strong central management and reporting, Puppet or Chef might be preferred.

Handling network outages and ensuring business continuity requires a proactive and multi-faceted approach. It begins with robust monitoring and a well-defined incident response plan.

• Monitoring: I rely on comprehensive network monitoring tools to detect anomalies and potential issues before they escalate into outages. This includes tools that monitor bandwidth usage, latency, packet loss, and server health. Early detection allows for timely intervention.

• Redundancy: Building redundancy into the network infrastructure is crucial. This involves utilizing redundant network devices (switches, routers), multiple internet connections, and geographically diverse data centers. This ensures that if one component fails, the system can still operate.

• Incident Response Plan: A well-documented incident response plan is essential. This plan should outline steps to be taken during an outage, including identifying the problem, implementing solutions, and communicating with stakeholders. Regular drills and simulations help refine the plan and train personnel.

• Failover Mechanisms: Implementing failover mechanisms ensures seamless transition to backup systems during an outage. This might involve using load balancers to distribute traffic across multiple servers, or employing techniques like automatic failover in virtual environments.

For example, during a recent incident involving a fiber cut, our redundant internet connection automatically took over, minimizing service disruption. The incident response plan ensured a coordinated effort, leading to a quick restoration of service.

Network performance optimization is an ongoing process focused on maximizing network efficiency and minimizing latency. My approach is systematic and data-driven.

• Monitoring and Analysis: I start by thoroughly analyzing network performance data using tools like Wireshark, SolarWinds, or PRTG. This helps identify bottlenecks, slowdowns, and areas for improvement.

• Troubleshooting: Once bottlenecks are identified, I systematically troubleshoot the root cause. This may involve examining network configurations, checking for faulty hardware, analyzing application performance, or investigating routing issues.

• Optimization Techniques: Depending on the identified issues, I employ various optimization techniques. These can include upgrading hardware, optimizing network configurations (e.g., QoS settings), implementing traffic shaping, or upgrading network protocols.

• Capacity Planning: Regular capacity planning ensures the network can handle current and future demands. This involves forecasting traffic growth and upgrading infrastructure proactively to avoid performance issues.

For instance, I optimized a network experiencing slowdowns by implementing QoS policies to prioritize critical applications. This resulted in a significant improvement in application responsiveness and user experience.

My experience with network automation tools includes extensive use of Ansible, Netmiko, and Python scripting. These tools significantly improve efficiency and reduce manual errors in network management.

• Ansible for Network Automation: Ansible’s modules allow me to automate tasks like configuring routers, switches, and firewalls. I’ve used Ansible to automate the deployment of network configurations across hundreds of devices, ensuring consistent settings and reducing the risk of human error. ansible-playbook configure_routers.yml

• Netmiko: Netmiko is a Python library that provides an easy way to connect and interact with network devices using various protocols (SSH, Telnet). I’ve used Netmiko to develop custom scripts for automating network diagnostics, backup configurations, and collecting network statistics.

• Python Scripting: I frequently leverage Python for various network automation tasks. This includes tasks such as parsing network logs, analyzing network traffic, generating reports, and integrating with other monitoring and management systems.

Automation helps to improve efficiency, reduce operational costs, and enhances network reliability.

Network capacity planning is the process of determining the required resources to meet current and future network demands. It’s a crucial aspect of preventing performance bottlenecks and ensuring network scalability.

• Demand Forecasting: The process starts with forecasting future network traffic based on historical data, growth projections, and anticipated changes in applications or services. This might involve analyzing bandwidth usage, number of users, and expected data growth.

• Resource Allocation: Based on the demand forecast, we determine the required resources, including bandwidth, server capacity, storage, and network devices. This ensures the network can handle the projected traffic without performance degradation.

• Performance Modeling: Simulation tools and modeling techniques help to predict network performance under different load conditions. This allows us to identify potential bottlenecks and optimize the network design.

• Scalability Considerations: Network design must accommodate future growth. This includes selecting scalable hardware and software solutions, designing modular networks, and employing technologies like virtualization and cloud computing.

Effective capacity planning is critical for maintaining network performance, avoiding costly overprovisioning, and ensuring the network can support business growth.

One challenging situation involved a significant performance degradation in our VoIP system. Users experienced frequent call drops and high latency.

• Initial Investigation: My initial approach involved collecting data from various sources, including network monitoring tools, VoIP system logs, and user reports. This helped isolate the problem to a specific segment of the network.

• Root Cause Analysis: Analyzing the collected data, I identified unusually high CPU utilization on a specific switch within the affected network segment. Further investigation revealed that this switch was handling significantly more traffic than anticipated due to an unplanned rerouting of network traffic.

• Solution Implementation: To resolve the issue, we implemented a new VLAN configuration to isolate VoIP traffic from other data traffic. This offloaded the overloaded switch, resulting in a significant improvement in VoIP performance.

• Preventative Measures: Following the incident, we revised our network monitoring system to provide more granular visibility into traffic patterns and implemented more robust alerts to quickly identify similar situations in the future.

This experience highlighted the importance of proactive monitoring, thorough data analysis, and the need for a well-defined incident response plan.

My strengths in networking and infrastructure include my strong analytical and problem-solving skills, my deep understanding of networking protocols and technologies, and my proficiency in network automation. I am also a quick learner, readily adapting to new technologies and challenges. My experience with diverse tools and technologies makes me a versatile asset.

One area I’m actively working on is expanding my expertise in cloud networking architectures. While I’m familiar with cloud concepts, deeper hands-on experience in managing and optimizing cloud-based networks would enhance my skill set further. I’m currently taking online courses and seeking opportunities to work on cloud-related projects to address this area.